ADHD and Autism

What's worrying you?

Written by Luisa Kos

Understanding ADHD and Autism

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions that affect how people think, learn, and interact with the world. While they are distinct conditions, they can sometimes overlap, leading to unique challenges and strengths for each individual.

What is ADHD

ADHD is characterised by difficulties with focus, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. People with ADHD may struggle with:

Maintaining attention on tasks
Following instructions or completing projects
Impulse control and emotional regulation
Restlessness or excessive movement
Forgetfulness and time management

ADHD affects both children and adults, and symptoms can present differently depending on age, environment, and coping strategies.

What is Autism?

Autism is a spectrum condition, meaning it affects people in different ways. It primarily impacts social communication, sensory processing, and behaviour. Common traits include:

Difficulty understanding social cues or non-verbal communication
A strong preference for routine and predictability
Intense interests in specific topics
Sensory sensitivities (e.g., to noise, textures, or lights)
Differences in emotional expression and regulation

Because autism exists on a spectrum, some individuals may require more support than others. Many autistic people also have exceptional skills or unique ways of thinking that can be valuable in work and daily life.

Getting a diagnosis for ADHD or Autism

A formal diagnosis can help individuals better understand themselves and access appropriate support. Diagnosis is typically made by a specialist, such as a psychiatrist, paediatrician, or clinical psychologist. The assessment process may include:

Clinical interviews and developmental history
Behavioural observations
Questionnaires or rating scales completed by the individual and/or caregivers

Treatment & support for ADHD and Autism

There is no “cure” for ADHD or autism, but with the right support, individuals can develop strategies to manage challenges and thrive.

Therapies & interventions

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) – Can help with emotional regulation, managing anxiety, and improving executive functioning skills.
Occupational therapy – Supports sensory integration and daily life skills.
Speech & language therapy – Helps with communication difficulties and social interaction.
Behavioural Coaching & Executive Function Support – Particularly useful for ADHD to help with organisation and planning.

Medication (For ADHD)

Stimulant medications (e.g., methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine) can help improve focus and impulse control.
Non-stimulant options are also available for those who experience side effects.
Medication should always be considered alongside behavioural strategies.

Self-Help strategies for ADHD & Autism

Create structure & routine – Consistent daily habits can reduce anxiety and improve productivity.
Use visual aids & reminders – Lists, planners, or phone alerts can help with organisation.
Practice self-regulation techniques – Deep breathing, sensory breaks, or movement can help manage overstimulation.
Seek community & support – Connecting with others who share similar experiences can be empowering.

I am different, not less.

Dr. Temple Grandin, professor and autism advocate.

Find a specialist

If you suspect you or a loved one may have ADHD or autism, speaking to a healthcare professional can provide clarity and access to the right support. Whether through therapy, coaching, or self-help strategies, individuals with ADHD and autism can lead fulfilling and successful lives.

Therapists who can help with ADHD and Autism

Featured Therapist

Luisa Kos

Psychotherapist

I am a psychodynamic psychotherapist trained at WPF and Tavistock Relationships, and a registered member of the BACP. Since qualifying in 2015, I have worked with both couples and individuals in South London, offering short and long-term therapy in person and online. I founded Dulwich Psychotherapy and South London Therapy Group, where I run a private practice and manage therapy rooms that host a community of around 20 practitioners. Before retraining, I spent 15 years in advertising and publishing, holding senior roles in user experience in New York and London, which gives me a unique perspective on the challenges of high-pressure professional environments.

Featured Therapist

Julie Smith

Psychologist

I trained in psychodynamic psychotherapy and have several years’ experience working with adults in both private practice and charitable settings in London. My background includes supporting clients with anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, low self-esteem, family conflict, and life transitions.

Treatment for ADHD & Autism

While ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are lifelong conditions, the right support and interventions can significantly improve quality of life. Treatment is tailored to each individual’s needs, focusing on managing challenges, enhancing strengths, and improving daily functioning.

ADHD treatment options

Therapy & behavioural interventions

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) – Helps with emotional regulation, impulsivity, and managing negative thought patterns.
Behavioural coaching & executive function Support – Teaches organisation, time management, and coping skills.
Parent training & support programmes – Helps parents understand ADHD and implement effective strategies for children.
Social skills training – Supports individuals in developing better interpersonal relationships.

Medication for ADHD

Medication is often recommended for moderate to severe ADHD and can be highly effective in improving focus, impulse control, and emotional regulation. Common types include:

Lifestyle & self-help strategies

Routine & structure – Keeping a daily schedule can improve focus and reduce forgetfulness.
Exercise & movement – Regular physical activity can help regulate energy levels and improve concentration.
Mindfulness & relaxation techniques – Breathing exercises and meditation can support emotional regulation.
Diet & nutrition – While not a cure, a balanced diet can support brain function and overall well-being.

Autism treatment & support

Unlike ADHD, there are no medications that directly treat autism itself. Instead, therapy and personalised support strategies help individuals develop skills, manage sensory sensitivities, and improve communication.

Therapeutic interventions for Autism

Speech & language therapy – Helps with communication skills, social interaction, and understanding verbal and non-verbal cues.
Occupational therapy – Supports sensory regulation and daily living skills.
Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) – A structured approach that teaches behavioural and social skills (though it is controversial and not suitable for everyone).
Social skills training – Helps autistic individuals navigate social interactions and relationships.

Medication for Autism-Related challenges

While there’s no medication for autism itself, some medications can help manage co-occurring conditions like anxiety, depression, or ADHD symptoms. Doctors may prescribe:

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) – To help with anxiety or depression.
Stimulants or Non-Stimulants – If the individual also has ADHD symptoms.
Melatonin – To support sleep issues, which are common in autism.

Lifestyle & sensory support

Creating predictable routines – Reduces anxiety and supports daily functioning.
Using visual aids & timers – Helps with transitions and communication.
Sensory-Friendly environments – Adjusting lighting, sound, and textures to minimise sensory overload.
Self-Advocacy & support networks – Joining autism-friendly communities can provide emotional support and resources.

Finding the right support

Both ADHD and autism benefit from early intervention and ongoing personalised strategies. Whether through therapy, coaching, medication, or lifestyle adjustments, tailored support can empower individuals to thrive in their own way.

If you or a loved one need help, consider speaking with a specialist therapist who understands neurodiversity. Browse our directory to find the right support today.